A concussion is a brain injury from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. Falls, sports injuries, and car accidents are common causes. Sometimes, the effects are clear right away. Other times, they can show up later. That’s why we need to pay close attention.  

Accident survivors need to understand the symptoms of a concussion because early detection can make a big difference. Recognizing these signs helps us take the right steps for recovery. We want to inform you about the many symptoms you might experience after an accident.

Physical symptoms

• Headache. Concussion-related headaches can vary in intensity, from mild pressure to severe, throbbing pain. They may feel constant or come and go, often worsening with physical activity or movement.
• Dizziness and balance problems. Many concussion survivors experience vertigo, lightheadedness, or unsteadiness. This can make it difficult to stand or walk without support.
• Nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are common right after the injury and can last for hours. In more severe cases, nausea may persist or intensify with certain movements or stimuli.
• Fatigue: While feeling tired is normal, concussion-related fatigue can be overwhelming, unlike ordinary exhaustion. It may feel like no amount of rest helps you feel truly refreshed.
• Sensitivity to Light and Noise: Bright lights and loud sounds can be extremely uncomfortable, making daily tasks like working or socializing challenging.
• Sleep Disturbances: Concussions can disrupt sleep, causing either insomnia (trouble falling asleep) or excessive sleepiness, which causes you to feel overly tired throughout the day.

Cognitive symptoms

• Memory problems. Concussion survivors often struggle with short-term memory, like forgetting recent conversations or events. Long-term memory issues may also occur, making recalling past experiences or information harder.
• Difficulty concentrating. Focusing on tasks becomes more challenging. Staying on track at work, school, or home can feel nearly impossible, affecting productivity and daily routines.
• Confusion and disorientation. Many feel “foggy” or disoriented as if in a mental haze. This can confuse about time, places, or even simple tasks that were once second nature.
• Slowed thinking and processing. Decision-making can become sluggish, and reaction times may be slower than usual. This can make it harder to respond quickly, whether in conversations or on the road.
• Difficulty with speech and comprehension. Some concussion survivors experience trouble speaking clearly or understanding what others say, further complicating communication and interactions.

Emotional and behavioural symptoms

• Irritability and frustration. Even minor annoyances can trigger intense reactions after a concussion. Small setbacks may feel overwhelming, making it difficult to control emotions.
• Anxiety and nervousness. Many concussion survivors feel uneasy or excessively worried. This anxiety can manifest as restlessness or a constant sense of impending danger, even without any obvious triggers.
• Depression and sadness. Feelings of hopelessness may arise, with some survivors losing interest in activities they once enjoyed. This can lead to a deep sense of sadness or isolation.
• Emotional lability. Rapid, unpredictable mood swings are common. One moment, a survivor might feel fine; the next, they may become upset or tearful without clear cause.
• Changes in personality. In some cases, concussion survivors experience shifts in their behavior or personality, becoming more withdrawn or acting in ways that feel out of character.

Recognising delayed symptoms and seeking medical attention

Sometimes, concussion symptoms don’t show up right away. They can appear hours or even days after the injury. This is why it’s so important to monitor yourself for any changes. Pay close attention to how you feel over time.  

Even if your initial symptoms seem mild, you should seek medical evaluation. A doctor can properly assess your condition and provide guidance. Don’t assume that just because you feel okay at first, you’re in the clear.  

It’s crucial to report all your symptoms to a medical professional. Be thorough and honest about what you’re experiencing. This will help them give you the best possible care.

Ellen Diamond, a psychology graduate from the University of Hertfordshire, has a keen interest in the fields of mental health, wellness, and lifestyle.