Lisinopril is a widely prescribed medication used to manage hypertension and various cardiovascular conditions. While it is known for its effectiveness in treating these conditions, like any medication, it can have potential side effects. 

Understanding lisinopril

Lisinopril belongs to the class of medications known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, reducing blood pressure, and improving overall heart function. It is typically prescribed to individuals with hypertension, heart failure, or those who have experienced a heart attack.

Common side effects

While lisinopril is generally well-tolerated, there are some side effects that individuals may experience. It is important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Here are some common side effects associated with lisinopril:

• Cough. A persistent, dry cough is one of the most frequently reported side effects of lisinopril. It occurs in a small percentage of patients and is thought to be related to increased levels of bradykinin, a substance affected by ACE inhibitors. If the cough becomes bothersome, consulting a healthcare professional for alternative treatment options may be necessary.
• Dizziness. Some individuals may experience dizziness or lightheadedness, especially during the initial period of starting lisinopril or when the dosage is increased. This side effect is typically transient and resolves as the body adjusts to the medication. It is advisable to avoid sudden changes in posture and rise slowly from a seated or lying position to minimize the risk of dizziness.
• Fatigue. Feeling tired or experiencing mild fatigue is another potential side effect of lisinopril. It may be due to the medication’s impact on blood pressure or other physiological processes. If the fatigue persists or becomes severe, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying causes.
• Headache. Headaches, though relatively rare, have been reported by some individuals taking lisinopril. These headaches are usually mild and temporary. Staying hydrated, managing stress levels, and employing relaxation techniques may help alleviate the discomfort. If headaches persist or worsen, medical advice should be sought.
• Gastrointestinal disturbances. Lisinopril may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some individuals. These side effects are generally mild and transient. It is important to stay well-hydrated and inform a healthcare professional if the symptoms become persistent or severe.

Rare but serious side effects

While rare, lisinopril may also cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include:

• Angioedema. A potentially severe allergic reaction characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, or extremities. If any signs of angioedema occur, emergency medical assistance should be sought.
• Hyperkalemia. Lisinopril can occasionally cause an increase in potassium levels in the blood, leading to a condition known as hyperkalemia. Symptoms may include muscle weakness, palpitations, or irregular heartbeat. Prompt medical evaluation is necessary if these symptoms arise.
• Kidney problems. In rare cases, lisinopril may cause impairment in kidney function, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney disease or certain risk factors. Regular monitoring of kidney function through blood tests is recommended to ensure the medication is well-tolerated.

Takeaway

Lisinopril is a commonly prescribed medication that effectively manages hypertension and various cardiovascular conditions. While it is generally safe, individuals should be aware of potential side effects, both common and rare. It is essential to communicate openly with healthcare professionals, report any side effects experienced, and follow their guidance for ongoing monitoring and management. With proper awareness and medical guidance, individuals can safely navigate their journey with lisinopril and achieve the desired benefits for their cardiovascular health.

Michael Carter, MD is a board-certified physician and dedicated researcher, specialising in cardiovascular health and medication management, with a focus on providing accurate and comprehensive information to help patients make informed decisions about their treatment.