The use of psychoactive drugs has been a contentious topic for many years. While some people believe that these drugs can help individuals cope with various mental health issues, others argue that prolonged use of psychoactive drugs can cause brain damage. 

What are psychoactive drugs?

Psychoactive drugs are substances that alter the chemical balance in the brain, leading to changes in mood, perception, and behaviour. These drugs can be classified into different categories, including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. Common examples of psychoactive drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, marijuana, and LSD.

Prolonged use of psychoactive drugs and brain damage

While the short-term effects of psychoactive drugs can be desirable, prolonged use can lead to serious health complications, including brain damage. The following are some ways that psychoactive drugs can harm the brain:

• Neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity is a condition where prolonged use of psychoactive drugs leads to damage or destruction of brain cells. This can occur when the drug causes overstimulation of neurons, leading to their death. For instance, methamphetamine has been shown to cause neurotoxicity in the brain’s dopamine system, leading to a reduction in dopamine receptors, which can lead to memory loss, attention problems, and learning difficulties.
• Changes in brain structure. Prolonged use of psychoactive drugs can also cause changes in the brain’s structure. For instance, research has shown that long-term use of marijuana can lead to a reduction in grey matter in the brain, which is responsible for processing information. This can lead to impaired memory, learning, and decision-making abilities.
• Alterations in brain chemistry. Psychoactive drugs can alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to imbalances that can cause brain damage. For example, cocaine use can lead to a reduction in dopamine levels in the brain, leading to depression, anxiety, and anhedonia (a lack of pleasure in normally enjoyable activities). Opioids, on the other hand, can lead to a reduction in the release of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate brain activity, leading to seizures and other neurological problems.
• Increased risk of stroke. Prolonged use of psychoactive drugs can also increase the risk of stroke. For instance, cocaine use has been linked to an increased risk of ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked. This can lead to brain damage and even death.

Preventing brain damage from prolonged use of psychoactive drugs

The best way to prevent brain damage from prolonged use of psychoactive drugs is to avoid using them altogether. However, for individuals who are already using these drugs, the following strategies may help reduce the risk of brain damage:

• Seek treatment for substance use disorder. Individuals who have developed a substance use disorder (SUD) should seek treatment to help them overcome their addiction. Treatment may involve a combination of medication-assisted treatment, behavioural therapy, and support from family and friends.
• Limit or stop drug use. Limiting or stopping drug use can help reduce the risk of brain damage. Individuals who are using drugs should seek professional help to develop a plan for tapering off the drug.
• Practise healthy habits. Practising healthy habits, such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep, can help support brain health and reduce the risk of brain damage.
• Seek medical attention for any symptoms of brain damage. Individuals who are experiencing symptoms of brain damage, such as memory loss, difficulty concentrating, or seizures, should seek medical attention immediately. Early intervention can help prevent further damage and improve outcomes.

Takeaway

Prolonged use of psychoactive drugs can cause brain damage, leading to serious health complications. Neurotoxicity, changes in brain structure, alterations in brain chemistry, and an increased risk of stroke are some of the ways that psychoactive drugs can harm the brain. But there are steps that individuals can take to reduce the risk of brain damage, such as seeking treatment for substance use disorder, limiting or stopping drug use, practising healthy habits, and seeking medical attention for any symptoms of brain damage. It is important for individuals to understand the risks associated with psychoactive drug use and take steps to protect their brain health.

David Radar, a psychology graduate from the University of Hertfordshire, has a keen interest in the fields of mental health, wellness, and lifestyle.