As the mental health crisis continues across the nation, many people struggle to find the care they need. Health insurers publish directories of mental health providers to help consumers obtain care; however, inaccurate directories and a shortage of providers within many insurance networks can make finding covered mental health services challenging.
The US federal government and many states have put regulations in place to ensure provider directory accuracy, with California having some of the most stringent rules. However, research on the accuracy of mental health care provider directories has been limited. Simon Haeder, PhD, associate professor in the Department of Health Policy & Management at the Texas A&M University School of Public Health, together with colleagues from Yale University and Ohio State University, measured the accuracy of provider directories in California and the ability to schedule timely appointments with the listed providers.
The study, published in The American Journal of Managed Care, used provider survey data from 2018 and 2019 for provider directories in different types of health insurance plans, amounting to a total of more than 1 million provider listings.
The surveys covered health insurance plans that are sold commercially, those included in California’s Affordable Care Act marketplace (Covered California) and plans that were available through California’s Medi-Cal programme. Haeder and colleagues first assessed the total number of providers that could be contacted successfully. For successfully contracted providers, the researchers then analyzed timely access by measuring how soon a patient could see a psychiatrist or non-physician mental health provider (NPMHP) for either an urgent care or general care visit. The researchers classified urgent care appointments scheduled within 96 hours as timely. For general care appointments, they classified psychiatrist appointments scheduled within 15 days and NPMHP visits within 10 days as timely.
Researchers found that surveyors could reach about 68 % of the psychiatrists and nearly 60 % of the NPMHPs listed. In 2019, the accuracy increased, though it is unclear whether this was due to more accurate directories, changes in survey methods or a larger sample size. However, the researchers note that there was a notable public and political focus on provider directories at that time. They also found that provider directory accuracy was somewhat higher for NPMHPs compared to psychiatrists and for commercial plans compared to Covered California and Medi-Cal plans. The researchers hypothesize that the greater accuracy of commercial plan directories may be due to consumer pressure or a focus on customer satisfaction.
The analysis found that surveyors could schedule timely urgent care appointments with psychiatrists in 47% of cases in 2018 and 49 % of cases in 2019. Surveyors achieved timely urgent care NPMHP appointments in nearly 62% of cases in 2018 and around 57% of cases in 2019. For general care appointments, the 2018 and 2019 timely care %ages were around 74% and 70%, respectively, for psychiatrists and 77 % and 65%, respectively, for NPMHPs. In contrast with the accuracy analysis, the researchers found that timely access %ages were consistently higher for Medi-Cal plans and lowest for commercial insurance plans. Haeder and colleagues note that Medicaid contract obligations and federal requirements may have contributed to the greater timely access to Medi-Cal plans.
The analysis found that despite the attention paid to provider directory accuracy and timely access there is still significant room for improvement in both regards. They also note a few limitations to their analysis. First, the study focuses entirely on health insurance provider directories in a single state, California. However, California is the most populous state in the country. Additionally, the state has some of the most stringent regulations on provider networks. Lastly, the NPMHP category covers a diverse set of mental health providers. Future research that further differentiates these providers could give a more detailed understanding of provider directory accuracy and care access.
Despite the limitations of this analysis, the researchers found notable directory inaccuracies and inadequate provider networks that could hinder timely access to mental health care that many people need. These findings indicate a need for greater oversight as shortcomings persist despite California having some of the strongest regulations in the nation. More accurate directories and improved access to timely care are vital parts of ensuring better health coverage for the population.
