Colon cancer remains one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer in the world. This disease often begins as benign, slow-growing polyps that over time may develop into cancer. The key to combating colon cancer is early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous growths. Recent advancements in colon cancer screening techniques offer promising avenues for early detection, more accurate diagnoses, and potentially lifesaving interventions.

Here is a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in colon cancer screening techniques that are changing the landscape of preventative healthcare: 

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

FIT is a non-invasive screening test that detects hidden blood in the stool, which might indicate cancer or precancerous polyps. Unlike the older guaiac-based tests, FIT only detects human blood, making it more specific. Patients can perform this test at home and mail the sample to a laboratory for analysis. The increased accuracy and convenience of FIT have made it a preferred choice among healthcare professionals.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

This procedure allows a healthcare provider to examine the lower part of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera on the end. It’s an outpatient procedure that requires minimal preparation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy doesn’t cover the entire colon, so it may be combined with other tests for a comprehensive view. Its minimally invasive nature and lower costs have increased its popularity.

Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colon cancer screening. It allows for complete visualisation of the colon and the removal of polyps during the procedure. Recent advancements in technology have made colonoscopies more comfortable and efficient, with better imaging and reduced risk of complications.

CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)

Virtual colonoscopy is a screening technique that uses CT scanning to obtain an interior view of the colon. While it doesn’t allow for polyp removal, it is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy. Virtual colonoscopy can be an excellent option for individuals who are at average risk or those who can’t undergo a traditional colonoscopy due to medical reasons.

Liquid biopsy

An emerging technology, liquid biopsy, involves testing a sample of blood to detect circulating tumour DNA. This approach has the potential to identify colon cancer in its earliest stages, even before polyps form. While not yet a standard screening method, ongoing research shows promising results in both sensitivity and specificity.

Genetic screening

With the understanding that some colon cancers may be hereditary, genetic screening can be valuable for individuals with a family history of the disease. Genetic counseling and testing for known genetic mutations can guide personalized screening and prevention strategies.

Guidance and Recommendations

With various options available, the best screening method depends on individual risk factors, preferences, and medical history. The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) recommends regular screening for individuals aged 60–74, but the frequency and method may vary. Speaking with healthcare professionals about individual needs and concerns is vital in choosing the most appropriate screening method.

Takeaway

Early detection is paramount in the fight against colon cancer, and the emergence of innovative screening techniques makes this more achievable than ever before. From non-invasive home tests to advanced imaging technologies, these new methods offer both efficiency and efficacy. Embracing these techniques aligns with a broader shift towards personalised medicine, empowering individuals to take control of their health and potentially save lives. If you or a loved one is at risk for colon cancer, consider discussing these new methods with a healthcare provider to determine the best path forward.

Delbert Thompson is a health writer with over a decade of experience in medical writing. Based in Seattle, he has a passion for cutting-edge medical research and a knack for making complex topics accessible to the general public. In his free time, he enjoys hiking the rugged terrains of the Pacific Northwest.