As Autism Pride Day on 18 June 2025 approaches, health professionals are addressing widespread misunderstandings about autism to foster greater inclusion. Despite growing awareness of neurodiversity, misconceptions about autism spectrum condition (ASC) persist, often causing frustration for those diagnosed. Dr Cheryl Lythgoe, society matron at Benenden Health, emphasises the need to challenge these myths. She explains, “Autism stereotypes like ‘everyone is on the autism spectrum’ can cause confusion about symptoms and what autism truly is, devaluing the experiences of autistic individuals. These stereotypes can also perpetuate stigma, making it difficult for those who need it to receive the right care.”
To mark Autism Pride Day, Benenden Health has outlined five common misconceptions about autism, supported by verified research, to encourage public understanding.
One enduring myth is that autism is caused by vaccines. The claim that vaccines, particularly the MMR vaccine, lead to autism has been thoroughly debunked. Extensive studies, including those by the World Health Organization, confirm there is no link between vaccines and autism. The condition is believed to stem from differences in brain wiring, with genetics playing a role. But it is not considered purely a genetic disorder, according to the National Autistic Society.
Another common misconception is that people can grow out of autism. Autism is a lifelong condition that does not disappear over time. Although it is often identified in childhood, increasing numbers of adults are receiving diagnoses as awareness grows. Diagnosis can be delayed in women and girls because symptoms often present differently than in males. Research from University College London shows girls are typically diagnosed around age 10. Many also mask their symptoms, which can make identification more difficult. With the right support, autistic individuals can manage their challenges effectively at any age.
Media portrayals have contributed to the belief that all autistic people are very smart. While some individuals do have exceptional abilities, this generalisation is inaccurate. A 2022 study found that 45% of autistic individuals have an average IQ, while 32% score slightly above average. Intelligence among autistic people varies widely. Assuming that all autistic individuals are geniuses can lead to unrealistic expectations and overlook the diversity of the condition.
The idea that everyone is on the autism spectrum is also misleading. The word spectrum reflects the range of needs and experiences among autistic individuals, not a universal scale that applies to all people. The National Autistic Society estimates that 700,000 people in the UK have an autism diagnosis, making up roughly 1% of the population. Some behaviours may resemble traits seen in other conditions like ADHD, which is why accurate diagnosis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach.
Another myth is that autism is a mental health disorder. In fact, autism is a neurodevelopmental condition. However, it can significantly affect mental health. A 2019 study found that 80% of autistic individuals experience conditions such as anxiety or depression. These challenges often arise from societal stigma and difficulties navigating everyday life. Building support networks and seeking professional advice are important steps in managing mental health.
Dr Lythgoe encourages individuals who notice signs of autism in themselves or loved ones to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on diagnosis and support. “If you or a loved one is showing signs of autism, always speak to a healthcare professional to better understand the diagnosis process, as well as receive advice and support on how to manage current and or potential symptoms,” she advises.
